2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-150744
    ODN 24888
    		Inhibitor
    ODN 24888 is an guanine-modified inhibitory oligonucleotides (INH-ODN), shows potent inhibition on TLR7/TLR9-mediated signaling. ODN 24888 impairs IFN-α level and NF-κB activation, inhibits IL-6 release. ODN 24888 involves in immune and inflammatory responses, can be used as a vaccine adjuvant.
    ODN 24888
  • HY-N3979
    Grossamide
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Grossamide is a natural product that can be isolated from fructus cannabis, the dried fruit of Cannabis sativa L.. Grossamide has anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
    Grossamide
  • HY-149650
    TLR4 agonist-1
    		Agonist
    TLR4 agonist-1 (compound 17a) is a potent agonist of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), and induces the generation of MIP-1β in RAW 264.7 and MM6 cells.
    TLR4 agonist-1
  • HY-165613
    Pam2Cys
    		Agonist
    Pam2Cys (Dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine; S-[2,3-Bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine) is a selective agonist of dendritic cell TLR2, targeting the lipid portion of dendritic cells. Pam2Cys works by targeting and activating dendritic cells, thereby inducing strong immune responses, such as the production of specific antibodies. Pam2Cys enhances immunogenicity without the need for exogenous adjuvants. Pam2Cys can be applied to vaccine research, especially the development of lipopeptide vaccines against influenza A virus and other viruses to induce protective immune responses.
    Pam2Cys
  • HY-114592
    M199
    		Inhibitor 98.55%
    M199 is a potent TLR3/TLR9 signaling inhibitor. M199 induces secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in human PBMCs. M199 is used as a selective inducer of the immune response.
    M199
  • HY-156693
    MTvkPABC-P5
    		Agonist
    MTvkPABC-P5d, a TLR7 agonist, is an immune stimulant. MTvkPABC-P5d can be used for synthesis of immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs).
    MTvkPABC-P5
  • HY-153543
    TLR7/8 agonist 8
    		Agonist 98.69%
    TLR7/8 agonist 8 (compound 24m) is a potent toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) dual agonist, with EC50s of 27 and 12 nM for hTLR7 and hTLR8, respectively. TLR7/8 agonist 8 can improve the antitumor activity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
    TLR7/8 agonist 8
  • HY-150501
    Diprovocim-X
    		Agonist 98.64%
    Diprovocim-X (compound 35) is a potent TLR1/TLR2 (toll-like receptor 1/2) agonist, with EC50 values of 0.14 and 0.75 nM for hTLR1/TLR2 and mTLR1/TLR2, respectively. Diprovocim-X is a potent adjuvant in vivo in mice, and serves to stimulate the adaptive immune response.
    Diprovocim-X
  • HY-RS14592
    Tlr6 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Tlr6 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Tlr6 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Tlr6 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-RS14590
    TLR6 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    TLR6 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for TLR6 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    TLR6 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-D1056B4
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa
    		Activator
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from Salmonella typhosa, classified as S-type LPS, which can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and induce cellular secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa can serve as vaccine adjuvants and demonstrate adjuvant activity targeting B cells in immune responses in vivo.
    It is recommended to prepare a stock solution of ≥2 mg/mL and ensure that it is fully mixed and dissolved. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa
  • HY-N12670
    Egg oil
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Egg oil is a natural oil, which consists primarily of cholesterol, lecithin and glycerides of the fatty acids. Egg oil exhibits activity in regulating the gut microbial dysbiosis, alleviating obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation.
    Egg oil
  • HY-156060
    NCI126224
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    NCI126224 is a TLR4 signaling inhibitor. NCI126224 suppress LPS (HY-D1056)-induced production of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO in the nanomolar-low micromolar range. NCI126224 can be used for the research of inflammatory diseases.
    NCI126224
  • HY-139785
    Cavrotolimod
    		Inhibitor
    Cavrotolimod is an immunostimulatory spherical nucleic acid (SNA) modified with type B CpG oligonucleotides designed to agonize TLR9 and elicit immune responses useful in oncology applications.
    Cavrotolimod
  • HY-B1370A
    (S)-Hydroxychloroquine
    		Inhibitor
    (S)-Hydroxychloroquine ((S)-HCQ) is the enantiomer of Hydroxychloroquine. Hydroxychloroquine, a synthetic antimalarial agent, inhibits Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling, and shows efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
    (S)-Hydroxychloroquine
  • HY-145618
    Polvitolimod
    		Agonist
    Polvitolimod is a TLR7 agonist for research of cancer and infectious disease.
    Polvitolimod
  • HY-139575
    Guretolimod
    		Agonist
    Guretolimod (DSP-0509) is a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist.
    Guretolimod
  • HY-B1370B
    (R)-Hydroxychloroquine
    		Inhibitor
    (R)-Hydroxychloroquine is the enantiomer of Hydroxychloroquine. Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic antimalarial agent which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine is efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
    (R)-Hydroxychloroquine
  • HY-148980
    Polyinosinic acid
    Polyinosinic acid is a single stranded homonucleic acid, which is a Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand. Polyinosinic acid enhances cellular immune response through TLR3 and TRIF. Polyinosinic acid has potential applications in immune regulation.
    Polyinosinic acid
  • HY-141454A
    TLR8 agonist 2 hydrochloride
    		Agonist
    TLR8 agonist 2 hydrochloride is a potent and selective TLR8 agonist with an EC50 of 3 nM for human TLR8. TLR8 agonist 2 hydrochloride shows less active against human TLR7 (EC50 of 33.33 μM).
    TLR8 agonist 2 hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison

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